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Producto de una pancreatitis aguda (PA) puede haber una diabetes posterior o una hiperglicemia transitoria durante el episodio de PA. La incidencia de PA en edad pediátrica es de hasta 12,2 casos por 100 000 niños al año y sólo el 4 a 5% desarrollan luego diabetes. Con respecto a la hiperglicemia transitoria en niños, la información es escasa y no se ha hecho publicaciones al respecto en nuestro país. Se reporta el caso de una niña con hiperglicemia transitoria secundaria a una PA necrotizante grave. Es importante realizar un monitoreo constante de los niveles de glucosa y el tratamiento oportuno de la hiperglicemia en niños con PA ya que, al menos en adultos, se asocia a PA severa y mayor mortalidad.
As a result of acute pancreatitis (AP), there may be subsequent diabetes or transient hyperglycemia during the episode of AP. The incidence of AP in pediatric age is up to 12.2 cases per 100,000 children per year and only 4 to 5% later develop diabetes. Regarding transient hyperglycemia in children, information is scarce, and no publications have been made about it in our country. The case of a girl with transient hyperglycemia secondary to severe necrotizing AP is reported. It is important to constantly monitor glucose levels and timely manage hyperglycemia in children with AP since, at least in adults, it is associated with severe AP and higher mortality.
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ABSTRACT Alcoholic foamy degeneration (AFD) is an uncommon presentation of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) with characteristic histologic findings of foamy-looking hepatocytes due to the presence of abundant microvesicles of fat within the cytoplasm predominantly in perivenular and midzonal regions without inflammation and fibrosis. It is underdiagnosed as the patients quickly recover after alcoholic abstinence and are rarely caught on biopsies. AFD has better prognosis than alcoholic hepatitis, and the injury mechanism is different, warranting a different diagnosis. We present an uncommon case of AFD incidentally diagnosed during autopsy in a chronic alcoholic and diabetic man.
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Objective:To investigate the relationship between serum interleukin-6 and interleukin-10 levels and clinical prognosis in patients with severe acute pancreatitis.Methods:Ninety-two patients with severe acute pancreatitis who received treatment in The Second People's Hospital of Liaocheng from August 2018 to July 2021 were included in this study. Serum interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 levels were detected. The Bedside Index of Severity in Acute Pancreatitis (BISAP) score was evaluated. Clinical interventions were performed. The relationship between serum IL-6 and IL-10 levels and the clinical prognosis of severe acute pancreatitis was investigated.Results:Serum IL-6 level [(103.75 ± 15.53) ng/L] was highest in patients who died. Serum IL-10 level [(97.33 ± 13.06) ng/L] was highest in patients with local complications. The highest number of patients with a prognostic outcome of death [26 (37.14%)] was found in patients with a BISAP score ≥ 3. Serum IL-6 level in patients with severe acute pancreatitis was positively correlated with the BISAP score ( r = 0.62, P < 0.05), and serum IL-6 level and BISAP score were negatively correlated with serum IL-10 level ( r = -0.57, -0.61, both P < 0.05). Conclusion:Increased or decreased serum IL-6 and IL-10 levels in patients with severe acute pancreatitis indicate that the patient's condition tends to worsen, and timely intervention according to serum IL-6 and IL-10 levels can improve the clinical prognosis of severe acute pancreatitis.
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Objective:To construct the prediction model of SAP complicated with intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH), and evaluate the prediction efficiency of the model.Methods:The clinical data of 322 SAP patients admitted to the emergency department of Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine in Hebei Province from January 2017 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. They were divided into IAH group ( n=153) and control group ( n=169) according to whether they had IAH complications or not. The clinical characteristics and laboratory test results of the two groups were compared. Multifactor logistic step-up regression was used to analyze the risk factors of SAP patients complicated with IAH. A nomogram model for predicting SAP complicated with IAH was established by using R software. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) of the model was plotted, and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated to evaluate its prediction efficiency. Calibration chart, Hosmer-Lemesshow test and decision curve analysis were used to evaluate the prediction accuracy and clinical application value of the model. The Bootstrap method was applied to verify the model internally. Results:In IAH group, cases with body mass index, CRP, procalcitonin (PCT), WBC, acute physiological and chronic health assessmentⅡ (APACHEⅡ) score, modified CT Severity Index score (MCTSI), incidence of complications (abdominal effusion, abdominal infection, gastrointestinal dysfunction, shock, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome), mechanical ventilation, the number of high-volume fluid reactivation (24 h≥4 L) were more than those in control group; serum albumin and serum calcium in IAH group were lower than those in control group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P value <0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that serum albumin ( OR=0.815, 95% CI 0.710-0.937), CRP ( OR=1.005, 95% CI 1.002-1.008), MCTSI ( OR=2.043, 95% CI 1.695-2.463), complication of gastrointestinal dysfunction ( OR=4.179, 95% CI 2.170-8.049), and high-volume fluid resuscitation ( OR=4.265, 95% CI 2.269-8.015) were independent risk factors for IAH in SAP.The Nomogram prediction model was established using the five factors above as parameters, and the AUC value for predicting IAH complication was 0.886. The Hosmer-Lemesshow test showed a high consistency between the prediction results and the actual clinical observation results ( P=0.189). The results of decision curve analysis showed that the prediction probability of the model was between 10% and 85%, which could bring more benefits to patients. Conclusions:The early prediction model of SAP with concurrent IAH is successfully established, which can better predict the risk of SAP with concurrent IAH.
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Objective:To explore the effect of probiotics Lactiplantibacillus plantarum(LP) WCFS1 by gavage on acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) and associated ileum injury in mice. Methods:Twenty-four healthy male mice were gavaged with broad-spectrum antibiotics for 3 weeks to establish microbiota-depleted mice, and then randomly divided into control group (CON), ANP model group (ANP), LP gavage group (LP) and LP gavage and ANP induced group (LP+ ANP) , with 6 mice in each group. Mice in LP and LP+ ANP group were treated by gavage of LP (1×10 9 CFU/ml, 0.2 ml/day per mouse) for 1 week, while CON and ANP were gavaged with sterile phosphate buffered saline for 1 week instead. The ANP model was induced by intraperitoneal injection with caerulein (100 μg/kg) for 10 times with 1-hour interval between two injections and the 10th injection with lipopolysaccharide(LPS) 5 mg/kg intraperitoneally, and the mice were sacrificed 2 h later. Levels of LP in stool and ileal mucosa were detected by real-time PCR; the pancreas and ileum were collected for pathological examination to observe the extent of tissue inflammation and to score the pathology. Serum amylase activities were determined by enzymatic kinetic chemistry; serum inflammators levels and intestinal permeability were detected by ELISA; levels of inflammators in pancreatic and ileal tissues were detected by real-time PCR; ileal tight-junction proteins (occludin, claudin-1 and ZO-1) were measured by immunofluorescence staining. Results:LP levels in the stool and ileal mucosa of mice were significantly increased after LP gavage, and the differences were statistically significant (913.30±39.12 vs 2.39±1.39, 23.11±0.50 vs 1.38±0.28, all P value <0.05). The pathological scores of pancreatic tissue of CON, LP, ANP and LP+ ANP group were (0.26±0.41), (0.17±0.26), (8.55±0.46) and (6.30±0.45); the serum amylase activities were (219.70±19.73), (217.60±11.30), (2896.24±98.32) and (1837.13±131.60)U/L, IL-1β were (0.87±0.28), (1.4±0.85), (67.41±6.45) and (36.33±5.65)pg/ml, IL-6 were (0.74±0.27), (0.16±0.16), (280586.12±39163.92) and (107912.75±31283.47)pg/ml, IL-10 were (35.52±5.27), (50.99±15.34), (2008.45±184.83) and (3070.35±403.71)pg/ml; the expression level of pancreatic IL-1β mRNA was 1.42±0.39, 0.95±25, 20.53±0.50 and 10.69±1.01, IL-6 mRNA was 1.31±0.44, 0.93±0.023, 21.97±1.71 and 11.54±1.75, IL-10 mRNA was 0.93±0.14, 0.75±0.15, 0.99±0.21 and 1.76±0.19; there was no significant difference between LP and CON group, and pancreatic pathological scores, serum amylase、IL-1β and IL-6 levels, and the expression level of pancreatic IL-1β and IL-6 mRNA were significantly decreased in LP+ ANP group compared with those in ANP group, while serum IL-10 levels and the expression level of pancreatic IL-10 mRNA were significantly increased compared with ANP group, and all the differences were statistically significant (all P values <0.05). The pathological scores of ileal tissue of CON, LP, ANP and LP+ ANP group were 0, 0, (3.17±0.41) and (1.67±0.52); the levels of serum DAO of CON, LP, ANP and LP+ ANP group were (0.03±0.03), (0.02±0.02), (0.50±0.05) and (0.49±0.06)ng/ml; LPS levels were (2.75±0.35), (3.74±0.28), (7.19±0.92) and (5.88±0.38)ng/ml; the expression level of ileal IL-1β mRNA was 1.21±0.20, 1.17±0.09, 1.81±0.25 and 1.63±0.21; IL-6 mRNA was 1.01±0.29, 2.83±0.42, 54.45±8.50 and 16.87±4.42; IL-10 mRNA was 1.12±0.41, 6.09±2.51, 11.65±1.47 and 29.86±2.93. There was no significant difference between LP and CON group, except that the ileal IL-10 mRNA expression was significantly higher than that of CON group. Ileal pathological scores, serum LPS levels and the expression level of ileal IL-6 mRNA were significantly lower in LP+ ANP group than those in ANP group, while the expression level of ileal IL-10 mRNA was significantly higher than that of ANP group; the expression of ileal tight junction proteins (ocludin, claudin-1, ZO-1) was significantly higher than those in ANP group, and all the differences were statistically significant (all P values <0.05). Conclusions:LP WCFS1 gavage could ameliorate the injury of pancreatic and ileal barrier in caerulein-induced ANP mice.
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Objective:To analyse the clinical efficacy and outcome of early abdominal paracentesis drainage (APD) in the treatment of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP).Methods:The clinical data of 107 SAP patients with massive abdominal fluid in Shanghai General People Hospital from May 2017 to December 2021 were collected and analyzed. Patients were divided into APD group ( n=56) and NO-APD group ( n=51) according to whether they underwent APD or not within 3 days after admission. The APD group was then divided into abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) subgroup ( n=29) and NO-ACS subgroup ( n=27) according to whether ACS had occurred or not at the time of puncture. Patients' general data, the duration of systemic inflammatory response (SIRS), length of ICU stay, the trends of intra-abdominal pressure and inflammatory indicators (white blood cell count and the content of C-reactive protein) within 1-3 days after admission, incidence of infection complication, step-up therapy, discharge or death were recorded. Results:The intra-abdominal pressure were 18.6±5.6mmHg , 13.7±4.2mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kpa) in APD group and NO-APD group, respectively. The intra-abdominal pressure of APD group was significantly higher than that of NO-APD group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P=0.000). Compared with NO-APD group, the duration of SIRS was significantly shortened in APD group [3(2, 4) days vs 4(3, 6) days, P=0.029]. On day 1, 2 and 3 after admission, the intra-abdominal pressure was 18.6±5.6 mmHg, 16.4±4.7 mmHg and 13.5±3.9 mmHg in APD group, and was 13.7±4.2 mmHg, 12.3±3.6 mmHg and 11.0±2.6 mmHg in NO-APD group, respectively. The intra-abdominal pressure of the APD group dropped faster than the NO-APD group ( P=0.004). The white blood cell count was (14.8±4.8), (10.5±4.5) and (9.0±3.8)×10 9/L in APD group, and was (14.2±5.4), (12.3±7.3), (11.7±5.3)×10 9/L in NO-APD group, respectively. Compared with the NO-APD group, the decrease rate of white blood cell count was faster in APD group ( P=0.006). The C-reactive protein content was (153.6±47.1), (150.4±10.5) and (108.8±49.4)mg/L in APD group, and were (174.8±31.1), (191.6±29.4) and (186.8±45.5)mg/L in NO-APD group . The content of C-reactive protein in APD group decreased significantly, while that in NO-APD group did not decrease. There was a significant difference between the two groups ( P=0.009). In the subgroup comparisons, the duration of SIRS in the ACS subgroup was significant longer than that in the NO-ACS subgroup [4(3, 5) days vs 2(1, 3)days, P=0.000]. Compared between the two groups and two subgroups respectively, there were no statistically significant differences on length of ICU stay, infection complication rate, advanced treatment rate and mortality. Conclusions:For SAP patients with abdominal fluid, APD in the early stage could shorten the duration of SIRS, decrease intra-abdominal pressure rapidly, improve inflammatory indicators, but could not improve the clinical outcome.
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Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) with adsorptive filter oXiris in the treatment of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP).Methods:The clinical data of 5 SAP patients who received the treatment of absorptive filter oXiris in Department of Critical Care Medicine of Shanghai General Hospital from February 2021 to February 2022 were collected. The changes of inflammatory indicators, hemodynamics, acid-base balance indicators and organ function indicators were compared before and 24 h after treatment.Results:Before the treatment of oXiris, 3 patients had pancreatic necrotic infection, and all the five patients had systemic inflammatory response syndrome(SIRS), acute respiratory and circulatory failure and acute renal injury. At 24 h after the treatment with oXiris, the levels of inflammatory indicators such as white blood cell count [(13.4±5.0)×10 9/L vs (25.8±10.0)×10 9/L), CRP [(149.6±68.3)mg/L] vs (289.0±129.4)mg/L] and procalcitonin [3.7(1.4, 17.7)ng/ml vs 12.2(3.2, 62.9)ng/ml] in the blood samples from the patients were greatly decreased. Hemodynamics were obviously improved; heart rate [(107.4±9.5)bpm/min vs (143.4±9.7)bpm/min] was decreased, and the mean artery pressure [(87±5)mmHg vs (73±13)mmHg], 1 mmHg=0.133 kPa] tended to be stabilized. Metabolic acidosis was significantly improved; pH value (7.4±0.0 vs 7.2±0.1) and base excess (-2.1±2.5 vs -14.5±6.1) were increased, while lactic acid [(2.6±1.2)mmol/L vs (10.62±6.55)mmol/L] was decreased. Organ dysfunctions were improved; PaO 2/FiO 2 value (241.7±58.5 vs 115.9±53.6) was increased, while serum creatinine [(148.0±42.5)μmol/L vs (232.8±77.4)μmol/L], intra-abdominal pressure [(18.6±4.5)mmHg vs (24.2±4.0)]mmHg, modified Marshall score [3(3.0, 4.0) vs 6(5.5, 9.0)] and APACHEⅡ score (17.6±2.9 vs 26.0±5.2) were decreased. All the differences above were statistically significant (all P value <0.05). Conclusions:It is safe and feasible to treat SAP patients with CRRT by using oXiris in clinical practice, which may have the functions of clearing inflammatory mediators, stabilizing hemodynamics and acid-base balance and improving organ function.
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Objective:To investigate the effect of T-lymphocyte and subpopulation counts on the prognosis of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) patients.Methods:The clinical data of 90 patients with SAP diagnosed at the Shanghai General Hospital between January 2019 and June 2022 were retrospectively analyzed, and the patients were divided into good prognosis and poor prognosis group according to whether they were diagnosed for 28 d. The general information of the patients was recorded, including blood-related immunological indicators within 24 h of diagnosis, including leukocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, CD 3+ , CD 4+ , CD 8+ T-lymphocyte count and CD 4+ /CD 8+ T-lymphocyte ratio, IgG4 level; blood inflammation index procalcitonin, albumin level and APACHEⅡ score at admission; survival and complication status of patients at 28 d of diagnosis. Non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test was used to analyze the correlation between each index and the prognosis of the patients. The subject operating characteristic curve (ROC) of patients was plotted, and area under curve (AUC) was calculated to assess the value of CD 3+ and CD 4+ T-lymphocytes in predicting the prognosis of SAP. Results:The majority of SAP patients were male (65.6%). The main cause of SAP was gallstone (56.7%), followed by hyperlipidemia (35.6%). At 28 days after diagnosis, 85(94.4%) patients survived, and 39 of them were cured and included in the good prognosis group. Forty-six cases were complicated with infection, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) and local pancreatic complications, and 5 cases (5.56%) died; and a total of 51 cases were included in the poor prognosis group. Compared with the good prognosis group, the number of CD 3+ T-lymphocytes [366(268, 498) cells /μl vs 709(578, 999) cells /μl], CD 4+ T-lymphocytes [209(120, 298) cells /μl vs 486(303, 548) cells /μl] and albumin level (33.9 g/L vs 35.9 g/L) within 24 hours in the poor prognosis group were significantly lower, while the level of procalcitonin (1.02 ng/ml vs 0.43 ng/ml) and APACHEⅡ score [7(4, 10) vs 5(3, 8)] were significantly increased, and all the differences were statistically significant (all P value <0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that the AUC values for CD 3+ and CD 4+ T-lymphocyte counts within 24 hours for predicting poor prognosis of SAP were 0.857 (95% CI 0.696-1.000) and 0.867 (95% CI 0.708-1.000), respectively. The cut-off values were 524 cells /μl and 301 cells /μl, the sensitivity were both 85.7%, and the specificity were 78.6% and 85.7%, respectively. Conclusions:The significant decrease of peripheral blood CD 3+ and CD 4+ T-lymphocyte count within 24 h of SAP diagnosis has a certain predictive value for the prognosis of patients with SAP.
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Objective:To construct a risk prediction model for infection with Klebsiella pneumonia (KP) for patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP).Methods:Retrospective analysis was done on the clinical data of 109 SAP patients who were admitted to Shanghai General Hospital, between March 2016 and December 2021. Patients were classified into infection group ( n=25) and non-infection group ( n=84) based on the presence or absence of KP infection, and the clinical characteristics of the two groups were compared. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm was used to reduce the dimension of the variables with statistical significance in univariate analysis. A nomogram prediction model was created by incorporating the optimized features from the LASSO regression model into the multivariate logistic regression analysis. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was drawn and the area under curve (AUC) was calculated; and consistency index (C-index) were used to assess the prediction model's diagnostic ability. Results:A total of 25 strains of KP were isolated from 109 patients with SAP, of which 21(84.0%) had multi-drug resistance. 20 risk factors (SOFA score, APACHEⅡ score, Ranson score, MCTSI score, mechanical ventilation time, fasting time, duration of indwelling of the peritoneal drainage tube, duration of deep vein indwelling, number of invasive procedures, without or with surgical intervention, without or with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), types of high-level antibiotics used, digestion disorders, abnormalities in blood coagulation, metabolic acidosis, pancreatic necrosis, intra-abdominal hemorrhage, intra-abdominal hypertension, length of ICU stay and total length of hospital stay) were found to be associated with KP infection in SAP patients by univariate analysis. The four variables (APACHEⅡ score, duration of indwelling of the peritoneal drainage tube, types of high-level antibiotics used, and total length of hospital stay) were extracted after reduced by LASSO regression. These four variables were found to be risk factors for KP infection in SAP patients by multiple logistic regression analysis (all P value <0.05). Nomogram prediction model for KP infection in SAP was established based on the four variables above. The verification results of the model showed that the C-index of the model was 0.939, and the AUC was 0.939 (95% CI 0.888-0.991), indicating that the nomogram model had relatively accurate prediction ability. Conclusions:This prediction model establishes integrated the basic clinical data of patients, which could facilitate the risk prediction for KP infection in patients with SAP and thus help to formulate better therapeutic plans for patients.
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Intestinal microbiota is the most complex and important microecosystem in the human body， and gut microbiota dysbiosis is closely associated with the development and progression of acute pancreatitis. Targeted regulation of intestinal microecology in assisting the treatment of acute pancreatitis has attracted more attention in recent years. This article describes the changes in intestinal microbiota and related mechanisms in patients with acute pancreatitis， summarizes the current research status of the use of probiotics， points out the research direction of probiotics as the adjuvant treatment regime， and proposes a new method for predicting the dominant flora in patients with acute pancreatitis， in order to bring new ideas for the treatment of acute pancreatitis.
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Objective To investigate the differences in the influencing factors for acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) and infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) between Eastern and Western countries, and to provide a theoretical basis for the prediction and prevention of ANP. Methods Databases including PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched for articles on the influencing factors for ANP and IPN published up to January 21, 2021, and a Meta-analysis was performed. Results A total of 59 studies were included, with 22 studies from Eastern countries and 37 studies from Western countries.The Meta-analysis showed that in Eastern countries, male sex (odds ratio[ OR ]=1.51, 95% confidence interval[ CI ]: 1.18-1.91, P < 0.01), C-reactive protein (CRP)(standardized mean difference[ SMD ]=1.39, 95% CI : 1.06-1.71, P < 0.01), D-dimer ( SMD =0.44, 95% CI : 0.07-0.81, P =0.02), Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation Ⅱ (APACHE-Ⅱ) score (mean difference[ MD ]=3.51, 95% CI : 1.38-5.64, P < 0.01), alcoholic etiology ( OR =3.57, 95% CI : 2.68-4.75, P < 0.01), and biliary etiology ( OR =0.60, 95% CI : 0.46-0.77, P < 0.01) were the influencing factors for ANP, and in Western countries, male sex ( OR =1.63, 95% CI : 1.30-2.05, P < 0.01), CRP ( SMD =2.09, 95% CI : 1.12-3.05, P < 0.01), APACHE-Ⅱ score ( MD =4.28, 95% CI : 2.73-5.83, P < 0.01), Ranson score ( MD =2.99, 95% CI : 2.50-3.47, P < 0.01), and organ failure ( OR =10.87, 95% CI : 2.62-45.04, P < 0.01) were the influencing factors for ANP.In Eastern countries, age ( MD =2.16, 95% CI : 0.43-3.89, P =0.01), body mass index (BMI)( MD =1.74, 95% CI : 1.23-2.25, P < 0.01), albumin level ( SMD =-0.43, 95% CI : -0.75 to-0.12, P < 0.01), CRP ( SMD =0.58, 95% CI : 0.04-1.11, P =0.03), procalcitonin ( SMD =0.80, 95% CI : 0.56-1.04, P < 0.01), D-dimer ( MD =0.23, 95% CI : 0.15-0.31, P < 0.01), APACHE-Ⅱ score ( MD =2.47, 95% CI : 0.73-4.22, P < 0.01), Ranson score ( MD =1.60, 95% CI : 1.46-1.73, P < 0.01), and extent of necrosis ≥30%( OR =2.52, 95% CI : 1.26-5.06, P < 0.01) were the influencing factors for IPN, while in Western countries, age ( MD =4.07, 95% CI : 1.82-6.31, P < 0.01), APACHE-Ⅱ score ( MD =3.28, 95% CI : 1.39-5.17, P < 0.01), Ranson score ( MD =2.18, 95% CI : 1.75-2.62, P < 0.01), SIRS score ( OR =3.88, 95% CI : 1.58-9.51, P < 0.01), alcoholic etiology ( OR =0.61, 95% CI : 0.42-0.87, P < 0.01), and organ failure ( OR =3.63, 95% CI : 1.11-11.92, P =0.03) were the influencing factors for IPN. Conclusion Current evidence shows that biliary etiology and alcoholic etiology are unique influencing factors for ANP in the Eastern population, while Ranson score is a unique influencing factor in the Western population.BMI and extent of necrosis ≥30% are unique influencing factors for IPN in the Eastern population, while alcoholic etiology is a unique influencing factor in the Western population.
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Objective To investigate the value of pancreatitis activity scoring system (PASS) score, Bedside Index for Severity in Acute Pancreatitis (BISAP) score, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation Ⅱ (APACHE-Ⅱ) score, harmless acute pancreatitis score (HAPS), and Ranson score in evaluating the severity and prognosis of hypertriglyceridemia acute pancreatitis (HTGAP). Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 300 patients with HTGAP who were admitted to General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University from January 2016 to January 2022, and according to the disease severity, these patients were divided into mild acute pancreatitis (MAP) group, moderate-severe acute pancreatitis (MSAP) group, and severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) group. Clinical data and the above scores were compared between the three groups. The chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups; an analysis of variance was used for continuous data with homogeneity of variance, and the Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between groups. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted according to disease severity, and related indicators were compared in terms of the area under the ROC curve (AUC). Results There were significant differences between the three groups in PASS score ( F =219.351, P < 0.01), Ranson score ( χ 2 =83.084, P < 0.01), APACHE-Ⅱ score ( χ 2 =43.388, P < 0.01), and BISAP score ( χ 2 = 50.785, P < 0.01). Compared with the other four scoring systems in evaluating and predicting disease severity, PASS score had the highest sensitivity of 0.945 and the largest AUC of 0.963, followed by Ranson score with a sensitivity of 0.655 and an AUC of 0.819. Conclusion For patients with HTGAP, PASS score can more accurately assess the severity and prognosis of HTGAP patients and thus holds promise for clinical application.
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Presentamos el caso de un varón de 64 años quien, tras un primer episodio de pancreatitis aguda necrotizante, reingresa a los 20 días por cuadro de dolor epigástrico intenso y posteriormente episodio de hemorragia digestiva alta en forma de hematemesis y melenas con inestabilización hemodinámica. Se realiza en ese momento gastroscopia urgente objetivándose probable fistula gastrointestinal en bulbo duodenal con coágulo adherido sin sangrado activo en ese momento por lo que se realiza angio-TC urgente que revela colección peripancreática necrótica con presencia de sangrado activo en su interior, procedente de la arteria pancreatoduodenal. La arteriografía urgente identificó imagen compatible con pseudoaneurisma arterial dependiente de la rama de arteria pancreatoduodenal, que fue embolizada con éxito. Desgraciadamente el paciente falleció en las horas posteriores, como consecuencia de un shock séptico secundario a colección pancreática infectada.
We present the case of a 64-year-old man who, after a first episode of acute pancreatitis, was readmitted 20 days later due to severe epigastric pain and later an episode of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in the form of hematemesis and melena with hemodynamic instability. An urgent gastroscopy was performed at that time, revealing a probable gastrointestinal fistula in the duodenal bulb with an adherent clot without active bleeding at that time, so an urgent CT angiography was performed that revealed a necrotic peripancreatic collection with the presence of active bleeding inside from the pancreatoduodenal artery. Urgent arteriography identified an image compatible with arterial pseudoaneurysm dependent on the pancreaticoduodenal artery branch, which was successfully embolized. Unfortunately, the patient died a few hours later as a result of septic shock secondary to an infected pancreatic collection.
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RESUMEN Introducción: La pancreatitis es la inflamación del páncreas exocrino, resultado del daño a las células acinares. Sus características clínicas principales son el dolor abdominal y la elevación de los niveles séricos de amilasa y lipasa. La evolución es muy variable, desde una recuperación completa de un primer episodio, hasta una enfermedad crónica debilitante, o la muerte. Objetivos: Caracterizar a los pacientes ingresados en la unidad de cuidados intensivos, con el diagnóstico de pancreatitis aguda y evaluarlos según los criterios de gravedad. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo en el que se revisaron 46 historias clínicas de pacientes ingresados con diagnóstico de pancreatitis aguda en la unidad de terapia intensiva polivalente, desde enero del 2014 a diciembre del 2019. Se confeccionó una base de datos con las variables edad, etiología, complicaciones, letalidad y la aplicación de escalas de Ranson, APACHE II y Balthazar-Hill, para evaluar evolutivamente la gravedad y pronóstico. Se hizo un análisis de frecuencias de dichas variables. Resultados: La edad de mayor incidencia correspondió a los grupos menores de 61 años, con predominio del sexo masculino. La causa más frecuente fue la litiasis vesicular y el alcoholismo, para un 43,4 % y 34,7 % respectivamente. El 47,8 % presentó la forma leve de la enfermedad. La letalidad fue del 21,7 %. Conclusiones: Son más frecuentes las formas graves de la enfermedad; la insuficiencia renal aguda y la insuficiencia respiratoria aguda son las complicaciones más representativas.
ABSTRACT Introduction: Pancreatitis is the inflammation of the exocrine pancreas, as a result of damage to the acinar cells. Its main clinical features are abdominal pain and elevated serum levels of amylase and lipase. The evolution is very variable, from a complete recovery from a first episode, to a debilitating chronic disease, or death. Objectives: To characterize patients admitted to the intensive care unit with a diagnosis of acute pancreatitis and to evaluate them according to severity criteria. Methods: A descriptive study was carried out in which 46 medical records of patients admitted with a diagnosis of acute pancreatitis in the multipurpose intensive care unit were reviewed, from January 2014 to December 2019. A database was created with the variables age, etiology, complications, lethality and the application of the Ranson, APACHE II and Balthazar-Hill scales, to evaluate severity and prognosis. An analysis of the frequencies of these variables was carried out. Results: The age with the highest incidence corresponded to groups under 61 years of age, with a predominance of males. The most frequent cause was gallstones and alcoholism, for 43.4 % and 34.7 % respectively. 47.8 % presented the mild form of the disease. The lethality was 21.7 %. Conclusions: Severe forms of the disease are more frequent; acute renal failure and acute respiratory failure are the most representative complications.
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Objective To investigate the association of biliary, pancreatic, and ampullary tumors with the onset of acute pancreatitis (AP) and the clinical features of tumor-induced AP by retrospectively analyzing the clinical data of patients with tumor-induced AP. Methods Related clinical data were collected from the patients with AP who were admitted to The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2013 to August 2021. The etiological composition of AP was analyzed, as well as the change in the incidence rate of tumor-induced AP; the clinical features of AP were compared between tumor-induced and non-tumor-induced AP and between the tumors at different locations to explore the pathogenesis of tumor-induced AP. For normally distributed continuous data, the t -test was used for comparison between two groups; a one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison between multiple groups, and the SNK- q test was used for further comparison between two groups. For non-normally distributed continuous data, the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison between two groups; the Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for comparison between multiple groups, and the Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used for further comparison between two groups. The chi-square test or the Fisher's exact test was used for comparison of dichotomous categorical data between groups, and the goodness-of-fit test was used for comparison of polytomous categorical data between groups. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the differential factors for pancreatic tumor-induced AP, and a multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the independent predictive factors for tumor-induced AP. Results A total of 8106 patients with AP were enrolled, among whom 84 patients (1.04%) had tumor-induced AP (tumor group). The tumor group had a significantly higher mean age than the non-tumor group ( t =6.050, P < 0.001). The mean time from initial onset of AP to tumor diagnosis was 7.38 months. Among the 84 patients with tumor-induced AP, 75 (89.2%) had mild AP (MAP), 8 (9.5%) had moderate severe AP, and 1(1.2%) had severe AP; as for the origin of tumor, 11(13.1%) had tumor originating from the lower biliary tract, 13(15.5%) had tumor originating from the ampulla, and 60(71.4%) had tumor originating from the pancreas. Recurrence of AP (risk ratio [ RR ]=8.362, 95% confidence interval [ CI ]: 3.162-22.115, P < 0.001), pancreatic duct dilatation ( RR =10.996, 95% CI : 3.871-31.236, P < 0.001), bile duct dilatation ( RR =7.738, 95% CI : 2.521-23.752, P < 0.001), and leukocyte count ( RR =0.766, 95% CI : 0.666-0.881, P < 0.001) were independent predictive factors for tumor-induced AP. Conclusion Tumor-induced AP is common in middle-aged and elderly men, with the clinical manifestations of MAP, easy recurrence, pancreatic duct dilatation/bile duct dilatation, and a persistent increase in the tumor marker CA19-9. Imaging examination of the biliary, pancreatic, and ampullary regions should be enhanced for AP with the above characteristics and no apparent trigger, and follow-up should be strengthened to avoid the missed diagnosis of tumor and the influence on prognosis.
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Acute pancreatitis (AP) is one of the common acute abdominal diseases of the digestive system, and early treatment to avoid aggravation to severe pancreatitis (SAP) is the key to guaranteeing prognosis. AP with acute kidney injury (AKI) can significantly increase the mortality rate of pancreatitis. Early diagnosis of AP with AKI is a top priority to reduce mortality rate. This article reviews the current studies on the early predictors for AKI in AP and briefly describes commonly used indicators (neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, cystatin C, renal vascular resistance index, and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin) and other valuable indicators. It is pointed out that a combination of various markers based on their sensitivity and specificity has a promising future in the diagnosis of AKI in AP.
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Objective:To investigate the technical key points and clinical effects of laparoscopic surgery using the subgastric approach for infected pancreatic necrosis (IPN).Methods:From October 2020 to October 2021, The clinical data of 6 patients with IPN after severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) undergoing laparoscopic surgery using the subgastric approach at First Hospital and Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University was retrospectively analyzed. Parameters in this report included the operation time, estimated blood loss, and the patient's vital signs, inflammatory marker CRP, and WBC before operation and postoperative 24 h, 3 d, and 1 w, and postoperative complications including pancreatic leakage, organ failure, bleeding, and abdominal infection and incision infection. Follow-up after surgery was completed in outpatient checkups and long-term complications were recorded.Results:There were 4 male and 2 female patients. The median age of the 6 patients was 50 (43.5, 56.5) years. Laparoscopic debridement surgery using the subgastric approach was successfully completed in all the patients and no reoperation was needed. The median operation time was 65 (52.5, 85) min; the median estimated blood loss was 20 (25, 37.5) ml. Median APACHEⅡ score one day before surgery was 11.5 (10.25, 12.75) and the median MCTSI score at initial admission was 8 (7, 8). The inflammatory parameters including CRP, WBC, and neutrophil count on postoperative day 3 and 1w were significantly lower than those before surgery, and all the differences were statistically significant (all P value <0.05). One patient had a postoperative pancreatic fistula and was alleviated after ERCP with pancreatic stent implantation. Another patient had a incision infection after surgery and recovered after complete surgical drainage of the abdominal wall incision. No patients had complications such as heart, lung, and kidney failure, abdominal hemorrhage and infection. During the follow-up, 5 of 6 patients had no newly-occurred diabetes, except one patient who had diabetes before the operation. None of the 6 patients had recurrent IPN. Conclusions:Laparoscopic surgery using the subgastric approach for infected IPN in lesser omental sac is safe and feasible.
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Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of transgastric combined with percutaneous endoscopic treatment for infected pancreatic necrosis (IPN).Methods:Clinical data of 19 IPN patients who received transgastric combined with percutaneous endoscopy at the Gastroenterology Intensive Care Unit of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital from August 2015 to August 2020 were retrospectively studied. The clinical efficacy and the procedure-related complications were analyzed.Results:The mean procedure of endoscopic transmural drainage (ETD) was 1.1±0.3 times. During ETD procedure, lumen-apposing metal stents (LAMS) were placed in 9 patients, metal coated stents in 2 patients, double pigtail plastic stents in 7 patients, and only a nasal cyst drainage tube in 1 patient. All 19 patients received 12-14 F drainage catheters for drainage during the first percutaneous catheter drainage (PCD) treatment with the mean number of catheters of 1.8±1.2. Double cannulas was subsequently replaced in 3 of them for continuous drainage, and a percutaneous metal coated stent was replaced in 1 patient. The culture results of drainage fluid were 11 cases of gram-negative bacilli and gram-positive cocci, 4 cases of gram-positive cocci, 1 case of gram-positive bacilli, 3 cases of gram-negative bacilli. Among 19 patients, 4 cases had concurrent fungal infections. The mean number of debridement was 3.1±1.8 times, 2 cases of which were treated with endoscopic transluminal necrosectomy combined with percutaneous endoscopic necrosectomy. The mean procedure per patient was 6.1±2.4 times. Bleeding occurred in 1 case (5.3%) after the operation. But the bleeding was successfully stopped after endoscopic hemostasis. No serious complications such as gastrointestinal fistula, perforation or pancreatic fistula occurred. One patient died due to sepsis, and 18 other patients showed significant absorption of IPN after the treatment. None of the 19 patients were transferred to laparotomy.Conclusion:Transgastric combined with percutaneous endoscopic approach is safe and effective for IPN.
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Objective:To evaluate the long-term efficacy of endoscopic transluminal drainage(ETD) for acute pancreatitis complicated with walled-off necrosis (WON) or pancreatic pseudocyst (PPC).Methods:A total of 79 patients who were diagnosed as having WON or PPC by abdominal CT or ultrasound and treated with ETD in Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital were enrolled. Past medical records and follow-up by phone call after discharge were analyzed for long-term outcomes including endocrine and exocrine functions and long-term quality of life.Results:A total of 50 patients were enrolled, including 31 patients with infected WON/PPC and 19 patients with uninfected WON/PPC. Seventeen patients (54.84%) in the infected WON/PPC group and 11 patients (57.89%) in the uninfected WON/PPC group lost 5% or more of their weight. There were no significant differences in the proportion of cases of weight loss of 5% or more ( P=0.833), or the weight loss between the two groups (12.59±8.89 kg VS 10.91±2.47 kg, P=0.522). Only one patient in the infected WON/PPC group had chronic abdominal pain. There was no significant difference in the Izbicki score between the two groups (23.79±6.74 VS 22.03±3.21, P=0.295). None of the patients developed steatorrhea after discharge. Five patients (16.67%, 5/30) in the infected WON/PPC group and 6 patients (40.00%, 6/15) in the uninfected WON/PPC group developed endocrine insufficiency with no significant difference ( P=0.140). Greater risk of secondary diabetes resulted from higher low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HR=1.9, 95% CI: 1.0-3.4, P=0.044)and triglycerides ( HR=1.2, 95% CI: 1.0-1.3, P =0.029). Conclusion:ETD is safe and effective for WON and PPC. But there is possibility that patients develop secondary diabetes. Additionally, greater risk of secondary diabetes results from higher low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides.
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Objective:To investigate the predictive value of intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) combined with bedside index for severity in acute pancreatitis (BISAP) score on the severity and prognosis of acute pancreatitis (AP).Methods:In this retrospective study, 204 AP patients admitted to the Department of ICU, Second Hospital of Anhui University from Jan 2015 to Dec 2020 were divided based on the severity: into SAP group (145 cases) and Non-SAP group (59 cases) with end point survival (177 cases) and death (27 cases). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were drawn, and the predictive value of IAP, BISAP score and I-B (IAP and BISAP scores) in the severity and the prognosis of AP was studied. Medcalc software was used to compare the areas under ROC curve for different predictors.Results:IAP and BISAP scores increased with the severity of AP ( P<0.001), the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.791, 0.749 and 0.907 respectively,comparison of area under ROC curve showed that I-B combined assessment was superior to IAP value and BISAP score alone in predicting severity ( P<0.05). IAP and BISAP scores were higher in the death group than in the survival group ( P<0.001). The ROC curve results of IAP, BISAP score and I-B combined on the prognosis of AP showed that the AUC was 0.773, 0.841 and 0.950, respectively,comparison of area under ROC curve showed that I-B combined assessment was superior to IAP and BISAP score alone in predicting prognostic value ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Both IAP and BISAP scores can better predict the severity of and the prognosis of AP, and the combination of IAP and BISAP score is more valuable for prediction of prognosis in AP.